Strengthening the Swiss electricity grid with copper and brains
The energy transition places high demands on the Swiss electricity grid. The expansion of renewable energies such as photovoltaics and wind power not only requires more grid capacity, but also intelligent control systems. Researchers at ETH Zurich are developing innovative solutions to make the grid infrastructure more efficient and flexible, with a combination of physical grid expansion and smart grid control.
By enshrining the net-zero target by 2050 in law, Switzerland has set an important course for a climate-neutral energy supply. The expansion of renewable energies such as photovoltaics, hydropower and wind power is progressing. However, the existing grid infrastructure is not optimally designed for this. The integration of fluctuating feed-ins requires a flexible electricity grid that avoids bottlenecks and ensures a stable supply.
Grid expansion is the biggest challenge
Switzerland has a strong transmission grid, which is of great importance for international electricity trading. Nevertheless, two thirds of the 6700 kilometers of lines are between 50 and 80 years old and need to be modernized. There is an even greater need for action at the lower grid levels. Local distribution grids are increasingly challenged as decentralized power generators such as rooftop solar systems or electric vehicles put a strain on the low-voltage grid. The capacities of these grids need to be expanded and better controlled.
Copper and intelligence solution
Two approaches are crucial for a future-proof grid infrastructure.
Classic grid expansion:
The physical expansion of the electricity grid through new lines, reinforced cabling and more powerful transformers. This is expensive, but in many cases unavoidable.
Intelligent control systems:
Digitalization and smart technologies can be used to efficiently regulate electricity flows. This includes, for example, flexible feed-in systems for photovoltaics, grid-friendly home batteries and optimized load management for electric cars and heat pumps. Such concepts reduce expensive grid upgrades and make the system more agile.
Flexibility as a success factor
A highly flexible grid can cushion power fluctuations and balance demand peaks. This can be achieved through close networking with neighboring countries, the use of storage systems such as pumped storage power plants and intelligent control mechanisms. Researchers at ETH Zurich are also investigating how electromobility can contribute to grid stability, for example through controlled charging at times of high power availability.
Both are necessary
Neither traditional grid expansion nor intelligent control systems alone are enough to make the Swiss electricity grid fit for the energy transition. A combination of both is needed – copper for the physical infrastructure and brains for innovative control concepts. Investments in both areas are essential in order to meet the increasing demands of renewable energies efficiently and economically.