ETH Zurich provides the key to the energy transition in the power grid
If large power plants disappear, there is a risk of chaos in the grid. This is because they lack a clock generator. Researchers at ETH Zurich are now presenting a solution with which inverters from wind and solar power plants will stabilise the grid in future. A breakthrough for security of supply in the age of renewables.
Europe’s electricity grid is based on alternating current and a precise rhythm that was previously dictated by large power plants with heavy turbines. With the phasing out of coal and nuclear power, these clock generators are increasingly disappearing. What sounds like a technical side note is actually a key challenge of the energy transition. Without a stable frequency, there is a risk of power outages and system instability.
Because wind and solar systems supply direct current, inverters are needed to convert this into alternating current that is compatible with the grid. Until now, these have passively followed the existing cycle. However, with the elimination of traditional power plants, a paradigm shift is needed. In the future, inverters will have to be grid-forming themselves, a challenge that ETH Zurich has successfully met.
Algorithm instead of shutdown
Under the leadership of Prof Florian Dörfler, a research team at ETH Zurich has developed a revolutionary control system for inverters. This prevents systems from switching off automatically in the event of grid faults such as voltage dips. Instead, they remain connected to the grid, actively stabilise the frequency and independently limit their power output. A protective mechanism that avoids overloads and supports the grid at the same time.
The solution is purely software-based and therefore directly suitable for industrial use. Initial practical tests in the laboratory have been successful. A patent application has been filed for the new algorithms and they could soon be integrated into industrial control systems.
Roadmap for the energy transition
ETH’s innovative approach has the potential to become the backbone of the future power supply. Decentralised, flexible, stable, an electricity grid that is no longer supported by a few large central power plants, but by thousands of intelligently controlled solar and wind power plants.
Industrial partners are invited to work together with ETH students on the realisation, for example through Master’s theses in companies. This creates a direct transfer of knowledge from research to industry and ultimately to Europe’s electricity grids.
The contribution to the energy transition is considerable. The solution increases grid security, reduces the risk of blackouts and makes the transition to renewable energies technically feasible. A key building block for a resilient, sustainable energy future.